Building construction



2, WSQ w. A WHHTE ET AL ,@@yU-l 1 BUILDING CONSTUCTION Filed April 20, 1935 mayas;

nNvENToRS l titeliiieci July 2, 19315 v I l I iiNipe-o STAT-es' 'oppiee l 4ltU'lLmNci CoNs'mUc'noH Willim AlWhlte and EdvvnlAoKnleQNew York, N. Y.;'M ary Mosetta White', x'eclitii'x' of the estate of said William A. te, deceased,

ztszii',`e;noi,l by mesne assignments; said Kunze Annotation April zo, mit4 sono; No'. 556,938 y 9 planes.; bitte-iii This invention relates broadly .to building corl- 1'I'hese andotherobjeots of `the invention and struction and more particularly to masonry the ymeantintimiteit attainment will be more ap beams, girders, slabs, columns or the like, oom- DMEM; frm'whe followingdetailed `deecllptime, priseclin part' of a, reenforced cementitious comtakenin connection with the wieemprelivingldrew,

s position. in: illuetretinsa preferred embodiment by which t One object of the present invention is torevthe,ilirxvention may be realized. andln which: duce the weight of such building construction I Fimlre 1 iefuplen view Showmg theinvexttioh without materialsacrice of strength, it any. To -ppled to slab 011 beam construction, parte. be.- this end, e. core is provided within the composite *lng broken away to disclose details; and le body, which is formed any material lighter in i Figure 2 iS a transverse Sectillal '6W taken n n $0 Weight than the cen'uentitious Composition, to wit, the Plane indicated by the line .7e-2 '0f Fixture i, mesonryeement mortar or concrete that prefer- Ymeltingiris-the direction 0f the alw and Sh0W ilhly surrounds the core on l:3.11 vskiesl and edges. ing 'particularly the manner in which thee@ Dorf Pieferably such core comprises el fibrous material. 'HORS- Of .the Cemerlttus COmDQSOn 1111011913150# I is Another object of the invention 'is a, core suit-l 'Siefeidee of the cere ere bonded by material .ex- I5 able for the purpose at hand.' Accordingly, the tendine' throughperforations in the eore. core is preferably provided withz a, plurality o'f The dltwingiillustrates a Substantially-Squaw@ oeirfomtions` extending therethrough, through elett'embodying the invention, although it wlllhe which the oeinentitious oompositionextendsand -ebveus thet'apy desired relation betweenthe. se bonds the material upon opnositojfaoes of the lenetmwidth epd depth 0f lShe eleewithin'iimie. ee I cora A yf v .ririaiylie availed of. Furthermore, the lnventiorps The invoneionoiso seeks a'roenforoed construoequally' epplieeble to other eonstiuetionsoforliietion wherein the -reenforcement opposes' stresses stance. a beammelumil or othershepee compris,-

in directions trn'sverse to one another. Acooi'd- 1HE the Se Ofementitius r'rlterialsand Subject,-

25 liigly, ieeniorclifig means extl'eiids` between the Ved t0 YCS thl than-m03@ inl/,Olved inexli 25 spaced supports for the construction-ana other Those'ends'or side edges of the slab' or beam which V reenio1-eilig; means extends between and' is' supextend between spaced SllpDQrtS 4. Whh the 31,63 port-oo hy soie iiistnomed i-eenforo'inomeans. 01 beem spells; are defined" by framing meepe A further object of theinverltions efeerirxenti- Dlefeib1y-tekii1g the form Offlivvalrdly feoirr't .30 tions material for use in constructions according -ChennelS' 5; 6 the flanges ofv whoh aire iish, rei- #90 to the invention niiording thomoximum binding Speetlvely; 'withthe upper and lower feces Leo! ot' bonding agency for'the structural materials u'f the'slab. :Extending from one 'channel E to the lai-eer bulk:- 4 other channel reenforcing meensi I, l2; The The invention also has vto do with a construc reeniorcement Il, l2 extends; Dccelly. frn t :i5 tion which is' practical from the standpoint of edge to' edse'ofthose edges o'i 'the Slebresti 25 ease and cheopness of'manufa'ctureand duiabilf upnfthe .spaced supports 4 thereby. With me ity and" strength in use. In carryir'igthe inven- Channels 5. 6 taking up stresses mvtwo directions tion into eiect, in its preferred embodiment, the 2.1290 to f'iie another e'd thuisA taklgodvni composite construction comprises a pour of op- 0i? the'eompssive resistance of 'the cemenitie i "stil yposed, inwarcllyfdireeted channelsietlongopposite mitteriails 'loth directlonsin contradis'tlnctlon t0 Iedges extending( inthe direction of the span and to the compressive resistance of the cement` 1141. betweeiwhich it reeni'orcln'g mesh sheet 'adjacent [Only 2611 'ireCtiOn 111 8f Simple beam Ienfi'c'e'd the loweiylioe rofthe construction' extends, the 'nly'ih 0118 dim'i0n This Tenfrcmt 1h42. rigs of the 'sheet being within thechsrmels. A 'in 'the illuetrated'embodimeiit', extends into-the '45 rectangular core of, say, brousmaterlal is disehan'nels 5,"6'and takesthe -fi'mofaforamnous ie posed` above the reenforcin-gmesh preferably tershetffsueh-dsthe mesh or screen of spaced, steel 'n'iinating'shfor't of-'the adjacetn'iaigins of the reenofci-tigl'rods H disposed in parallel reletionchannels, said core being iomedlwith 9,- plurality ship to ea'ehrother adjacent to but slightlyabove of verticelly'extending pefforettio'las'.I hardened thelower face 9 of the slab and simlerospacei se 'eemeiititious' composition having vhigh adhesive steel reeziibrcing rods I2 disposed also mpelallel-xi f'elfiar'acterlstes, lentering the channels-'end -exrelationship to each ,other and extending tranptending vtli' ereb etvveen,-enioeds and bonds the core inversely-of suchrst named rodsl l and preferably -eed'i-eehfopoement and extends throiigh the persecured theretofasbywelding. i itsv shownnthere v i? tions-l' 'e-co'retob'oiid the ms'teiialonboth is a, coatingof cementitious substance oper/the i 'f P i' *e'iianfmtuces ofthe'rodsifebviolialygother lil comas forms of reenforcem-ent, such as expanded metal, may be availed of in some situations.

A core i4 is disposed above the reenforcement. This core does not extend within the channels 5, S but, on the contrary, lies within the structure with its edges without the margins of the channels so that there is a material amount of cementitious composition I6 surrounding the core and between the core and channels and extending within the channels.- The core, as illustrated, is substantially rectangular and of material thickness may or may not be in contact With the rconiorc'emcnt l i, i2, depending upon the amount of ccmentitious material which iindsitsway therebetween. It is preferably formed of fibrous material, such as paper or wood pulp or the like, but any material which is lighter in weight than the masonry, cement mortar, concrete or other cementltious material that surrounds it on all sides, is suitable.

At spaced points throughout its length and breadth, the coreis perforated, as shown, with transversely extending perforations I8, that is, perfo-rations, which, when the slab is in position, extend in a direction perpendicular to the longer faces of the slab. In manufacture, the channels are placed in position, the reenforcing sheet placed therebetween with the edges extending therein and, if desired, raised above the lower flanges of the channels. A cem-entitious composition is then poured about the core and reenforcement and within the channels, as will be understood. Any cementitious composition having the desired characteristics, which can be poured in substantially fluid state and which will harden or set upon standing, may be utilized. The composition flows all about the rcenforcement and about the core and ows through the perforations I8 therein and exten-ds within thechannels 5, 6, so that the core and recniorcement are wholly embedded therein and bonded thereto. In addition, the composition i'iows through the perforations i8 in the core and completely lilla them and when the composition hardcns, the material in the perforations serves additionally as a bond between the material above and below the core i4. The cementitious material in the passages IS assists in transferring the stresses from the compressive to the tensile side of the construction, as will be understood.

While any cementitous composition may be used it is preferred to use a cement having great capaciiy for adhesion to the core and reenforcing means. As an example, a plastic magnesia. cement of the following formula has given satisfaction.

Parts by volume Calcined magnesia 4 Sand Talcum powder 1 Silex 21/2 -To the foregoing is added a solution which shall preferably have the capacity to overcome or neutralize inherent defects in the magnesium oxide of the mixture. Such a solution has taken the following form: Five parts by volume of a magnesium chloride solution of 22 Baume and one part by volume of magnesium sulphate of 30 4 Baume.

The talcum powder, of course, is added to lend a. waterproofing characteristic to the cement.

The solution and graded aggregate are mixed to the proper consistency and the cement is ready for use.

.il beam or slab construction manufactured in the marmer described has a strength substantially equal to that of the equivalent reenforced concrete construction without the core, but weighs considerably less. Steel is thus saved, in the construction, because of the reduced load. A slab has been tested which is about 51 square and 1%" thiclnand which has an effective span of 49". This slab was reenforced with electrically welded galvanized gauge w'ire forming two inch square meshes, while the carrying channels taking the transverse reactions were bent from a three inch by one-eighth inch steel flat. The core was forty-eight inches square and threequarters inches thick.

A-total load of 421 pounds per square foot has been applied to this slab without ultimate failure thereof. This represents, in the given slab, a total load 016738 pounds. With a total load of 3819 poimds, the maximum deflection at the center of the slab was .483 inches. In the safe work ing live load range, the deflections were as follows:

It will thus be seen that building construction is provided by this invention which is consider,- ably lighter in Weight than that heretofore known although substantially the same strength is afforded, the lightness in Weight being derived by virtue of the displacement of some of the material by material of a lighter weight, which lighter material adds nothing to the strength but which is so constructed as to permit the strength affording material to give to the construction the necessary strength.

A thin floor finish or ooring of an asphaltum mixture, for instance, even as thin as ths of an inch, can be overlaid directlyon slabs of this invention without cracking in use because of the adjacent channels of proximate slabs which support the load and distribute shear. This is because of the two-way reenforcement in the slab by which transverse reactions are taken up by the steel channels at the edges and which run in the direction of the span. It will be seen that because of the superior resistance to moving loads, that its reenforced edges Will reduce the relative deiiection at the joint to an appreciable extent which is of value in reducing the thickness of the flooring to be placed thereon, as it tends 'to inhibit cracking in floor finishes at the joints between the slabs.

Various modifications will occur to those skilled in the art in the composition, configuration and disposition of the component elements going to make up the invention as a. whole, and no limitation is intended by the phraseology of thev foregoing description or illustrations in the accompanying drawing.

1. A composite structural member comprising in combination, framing means along opposite edges, reenforcing means disposed near one face of said structural member, a core of re1atively light material adjacent the reenforcing means. said core being formed with a plurality of passages and a hardened adhesive cementitious composition extending betweenthe framing means and in which the core and reenrorcement arei175 acordes embedded, said ycomposition extending through 'the passages in the core and bonding the material onthe sides thereof.

2. A' composite structural member comprising,

in combination, framing means along opposite edges, areinforcing forarninous sheet disposed near one face of said structural member, a core oi relatively light material adJac'ent the reeniorcing sheet, said core being formed with a piurality oi vertically extending periorations and a hardened cementitious composition extending between the framing means and in which the core and reeniforcement are embedded, said composition extending through the perioraltions in the core and bonding the material on both sides thereof.

3. A 'composite structural member comprising, in combination, framing means along opposite edges, reenforcing means disposed near one face of said structural member and extending from edge to edge transversely oi said framing means and interconnecting therewith a load vbearing core of relatively light material adjacent the reeni'orcin'g means and a'hardened adhesive 'cementiticus composition having the characteristics o a plastic cement comprising magnesio.,

sand and a filler extending between the framing means and in which the core and reenforcement are embedded, said composition being bonded to thev cor-e and reenforcing means.

Il.. A composite structural member comprising, in'combination, framing means along opposite edges, reenforcing means disposed Anear one face 'of said structural member and in overlapping relationship with said framing means, a foraminousgcore of relatively light material adjacent the reenforcing means in non-overlapping relationship with the framing means and a hard 'cned' cementitious composition inter-locked with the ltraining.; means and in which the core and reeniorcing means are embedded, said composition extending through the perforations in the core enclbonding the material on both sides thereof.

5. A composite structural member coniprisirg in combination, a pair of opposed, inwardly directed channels along opposite edges, a reenforcing mesh' sheet disposed near'one face oi the structural member and extending within the channels, acore oi' relatively light material. fadjacent the reeniorcing mesh and terminating Without the margins of the channels, said core being formed with a plurality of vertically extending perforations and a hardened cementitious composition extending between the channels and in which the core and reenforcement are embedded, said composition extending through the periorations inthe'core and bonding the' material on bothsdes thereof.

6. A composite structural member comprising, in combination, a pair of opposed, inwardly directed channels along opposite edges, a reenforcing mesh sheet disposed near one face of the structural member and extending the channels, a rectangular core of fibrous material disposed above the reenforcing mesh and terminating without the margins of the channels, said core 'being formed with e'. plurality of vertically extending perforations and a hardened oementitious composition extending between the channels and in which the core and reenforcement are embedded, said composition extending through the periorations in the core and bonding the material on both sides thereof.

'7. A composite structural member comprising, in combination, a pair oi. opposed, inwardly directed channels along opposite edges, a reenorcing mesh sheet near the lower face of the struc tural member and comprising spaced steel reen forcing rods disposed in parallel relationship and spaced steel reenforcing rods disposed in. parallel relationship and extending transversely oi said iirst named rods and secured thereto, the ends of said rods extending within the channels, a rectangular core of fibrous material disposed above the reeniorcing mesh whereof the edges are disposed outwardly of the margins of the channels, said core being formed with a. plurality or vertically extending perorations and a hardened cementitious composition entering the channels and extending therebetween and in which the core and reenforcexnent are embedded, said composition extending through the perlorations in the core and bonding the materiai on both sides thereof.

8. A composite structural member comprising,

toV

dit

in combination. framing means along opposite y edges, reenforcing means disposed near one face of said structural member and in overlapping dit relationship with said framing means, a iorami- ,1 .f

nous load .bearing core ci" relatively light material adjacent the reeniorcing means in non-overlapping relationship with the framing means, and e. hardened cementitious composition inter locked with the framing means and in which the core and reenforcing means are embedded and adhered, said composition comprising a, plastic magnesio. cement.

9. A composite structural member, comprising, in combination, reenforcing means disposed near a face of said structura member, a load bearing core of relatively light material adjacent the reeniorcing means and a hardened adhesive cevmentitious composition in which the core and reenforcement is embedded, said composition being bonded to the core and reenforcing means.

William'. ii. WM'IE. EDWUT A. KUNZE. 

